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The golden identification method is divided into two categories: damage appraisal method and non -destructive appraisal method. For example, use gold such as king water and other inorganic acids to prepare a chemical solution containing gold in order to perform chemical analysis; this method is a loss of appraisal method. For another example, the two projectile -like gold spectrum electrodes are powered on, so that the arc is generated and recorded the spectral signal; this method is a non -destructive appraisal method.
This method of identification, occupy a certain position in the appraisal of the golden fidding. However, the damage appraisal method is not applicable to the appraisal of gold jewelry.
In addition, general consumers can adopt simple identification methods.
. The identification method of non -destructive
This loss of loss is: test gold stone method, micro -zone analysis method, gravity method (density method), and X -ray fluorescent spectrum method.
1. Testing gold stone method
The test gold stone method is a method of comparing the color of the strip marks carved by the golden test stone with the color of the gold standard series, so as to determine the gold jewelry. This method is simple and easy to do without instrument and equipment. therefore. For a period of time, it has been adopted. However, human errors, high accuracy, slightly damaged gold jewelry, and need a very expensive gold standard series.
2, micro -zone analysis method
micro -zone analysis method, mainly: electronic probes, laser micro -regional spectral spectrum, and scanning electron microscope spectrum. This method uses a beam of electrons or laser to illuminate a small area on gold. According to the spectrum or energy spectrum generated by the micro area, the content of gold and the content of impurities elements are calculated. This method is particularly applicable to the detection of tiny golden grains (quality) in the gold ore. For gold finished products and jewelry, because the sampling area is too small, the representativeness is poor, the sensitivity and accuracy are not ideal.
3, the gravity method
The ancient method of gold identification is the experience recognition method and sampling appraisal method. The former is poor; the latter affects the appearance of the gold jewelry. The gravity measurement method is referred to as the proportion method, which is a new method of gold appraisal. It can judge the authenticity of gold jewelry in a few minutes and determine its gold content. Therefore, it is a fast recognition method for gold jewelry.
The gravity method adopts analysis balance (modified diamond balance) as the detection instrument. According to the weight of gold in the air neutral and water solution, the proportion and color of gold are calculated according to the law of Archimedes. If the weight of the gold jewelry in the air is m, the weight in the tetrachloride CCL4 solution is N, then the calculation formula of the gold content Q is:
q = [m / (m n)] × 1.58
The density coefficient of 1.58 in the formula.
If other solutions as measuring heavy solution, the density coefficient in the upper formula should be changed accordingly. For the measurement results, the error correction should also be carried out according to the weight and color of the gold jewelry, so as to convert the gold content of the gold jewelry. This method requires higher requirements for analyzing the sensitivity and accuracy of balance. The choice of measuring heavy liquid is also very important.
The proportionation method has a high accuracy, and the ideal situation can reach within 0.3%to 0.5%of the error (that is, 99.8%of the jewelry is between 99.4%and 99.9%). In addition, instruments are simple, low in price, and easy to promote. This is a simple, fast, and accurate method. However, this method does not apply to the appraisal of gold -plated, gold -packed and gold -plated jewelry. When gold contains a variety of impurities elements or internal defects such as tiny pores, the proportion method will make an error. At the same time, during the detection process, the influence of the surface tension is difficult to completely eliminate, limiting the improvement of its accuracy. Therefore, the gravity method can only identify the general content of gold jewelry.
4, X -ray fluorescence spectrum
X ray fluorescence spectrum method, is a high -tech method for successful gold -free appraisal in recent years. It uses a computer -controlled, large precision X -ray fluorescent spectrum as an appraisal equipment. Gold is exposed to large areas through a bouquet of X -rays. The computer conducts authenticity identification based on the recorded fluorescent X -ray spectrum and strength, and calculates the gold content of gold or accessories. This method does not require any chemical reagents, no pollution, no damage, and no residual radioactivity. Not only is it better overcoming the defects of the above methods, but also the highest accuracy and sensitivity. It is currently the most advanced gold -free appraisal technology. The People's Bank of China has specifies the X -ray fluorescent spectrum method in Beijing and Tianjin as a golden jewelry appraisal technology to replace other identification methods.
It simplicity identification
It simplicity identification method belongs to the experience recognition method. Its scientific basis is: physical properties such as gold and luster, low hardness, large gravity, and ductility of gold unique to gold; and at high temperature at high temperatures, they are not oxidized, corrosive, and do not occur with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitrate. Chemical properties such as reaction.
1. Seeing color
Pure gold jewelry is red and golden, golden, pure and soft. Generally, the gold content of more than 95%is red and golden yellow; the gold content is about 90%of the yellow; Dark yellow indicates copper; light yellow indicates aluminum or silver. Excessive reds are fake gold. The color of the K gold jewelry is yellow in yellow, and the number of K is reduced, the white increases, and the yellow is shallow. Generally, based on the experience of "seven greens, eight yellows, nine purple and ten red", the color of gold jewelry can be judged. However, it should be noted that the color and gloss of the gold jewelry of the color difference are better than the pure gold.
2, listening to the sound
The gold jewelry fell from a high place on a hard floor or desktop. Rhyme "; no elasticity, no rebound. Low gold content or fake gold, crisp, sharp, and rhyme; elasticity, jump higher than real gold. The lower the gold content, the pointed the rhyme, the greater the elasticity.
3, 重 重
has a large proportion of gold, only lower than platinum, greater than silver, steel, zinc, aluminum or any other metal. Similar gold jewelry, heavier is true, weighs heavy feel in your hands, and has a heavy sinking feeling; the lighter is false. The feel of K gold jewelry is not as heavy as pure gold jewelry.
4, test bending
The golden ductility is excellent and easy to bend. Pure gold jewelry or high gold content is soft than the soft gold content, it is easy to bend, and it is easy to pull straight without rebounding; the bend is several times, and the bend has fine wrinkles. Fake or low -colored, and it feels hard when bending.
5, test soft and hard
The hardness of gold is low. The texture of pure gold jewelry is soft, and the teeth are used to bite the tooth printing. Pure gold is engraved with hard objects, with seaches. Only the strip marks of gold and brass are yellow; the strips of other minerals are dark gray or black. The lower the gold content, the more copper, the higher the hardness. Use the copper key to gently score in the concealed place of the jewelry, leaving the dentation as a real; leave the copper key bar marks (indicate that the jewelry is harder and the copper key is soft) is false.
6. Burning with fire
is not afraid of burning, and it does not change color when it comes to fire. Low color, easy to turn black and white. The fake fire resistance, the fire becomes black -purple, it is not light.
7, test quenching
After the real gold is burned red, put it in the water, the color remains unchanged.
8, acid dripping
The chemical properties of gold are stable. In acidic liquids such as hydrochloric acid, the color is unchanged. As long as the copper encounters a little nitric acid, it will lose its gloss.
The condition, you can wear the "gold" (gold "(golden powder stripes) on the golden stone (or other golden stones), and then drip it with nitric acid. The "gold" road is unchanged; the "gold" road is corroded as false.
9. Seeing the mark (printing)
Whether it is pure gold jewelry or K gold jewelry, there should be a indication of the texture, gold content (color) and the marking (printing) of the manufacturer's origin. The printing on the gold jewelry is used "gold", and also uses the "G" English letter to indicate the texture of the jewelry. When indicating the gold content (color), the word "99" or "24K" indicates that it is pure gold jewelry; the K gold jewelry is marked with the corresponding K number, such as the "18k" K gold jewelry, and its gold content is 75 %. In addition, the gold jewelry should also be marked by the manufacturer's origin. Really gold jewelry, printing standards, completeness, and clear, is an important identification of judgment. Otherwise, the general quality is not high.
It should be pointed out that when buying gold jewelry in the jewelry store, it is generally not possible to score, not throwing it on the ground, not damaging its appearance, and not being able to test it. Drip acid. Therefore, buyers are best to buy in the national or highly honest shop. In addition, be sure to obtain a certificate of appraisal and formal invoices issued by the authoritative appraisal agency. Of course, the most reliable recognition method is to send the jewelry to a specialized appraisal agency and use the instrument for accurate scientific identification.
The recognition of the golden counterfeit jewelry
The types of counterfeit jewelry that is easy to confuse with gold jewelry, mainly: gold -plated jewelry, gold jewelry, copper jewelry, copper alloy jewelry, etc.
Clated jewelry is plated on the surface of other metal jewelry on the surface of the metal jewelry. The color is similar to the color of the real gold jewelry. However, the gold -plated jewelry feels lightly, the texture is hard, the teeth are bitter, and it is easy to fade with a long time. Some gold -plated gold -plated jewelry, the color is either red or white, or flowers.
Bacchus gold jewelry refers to 24K or 22K gold foil on other metal surfaces. The appearance of the golden jewelry is similar to the real gold jewelry. The golden light is sparkling and it is not easy to fade, making it difficult to argue. However, if you carefully observe the depression, angle, back, etc. of the jewelry, you can find that the gold foil is uneven and there is a phenomenon of tilting edges. If there are broken joints on the jewelry, the cross section of the metal material can be seen from the outside. In addition, the feel of the gold jewelry is also lighter; the texture is harder than the pure gold jewelry, such as the Ksu of the gold foil is too low, and its softness is poor. Motoly, it is not easy to bend, and it is easy to peel and fall off when wearing gold foil for a long time.
The copper jewelry color is yellow with yellow, darker luster, soft texture, and light weight. Copper alloy jewelry (copper tin alloy), white color, hard and light quality, long -term coloring, will make the skin darker.
Whether it is gold -plated jewelry, gold jewelry, or copper jewelry, and Asian gold jewelry, it is generally not printed with gold jewelry. Or it is different from gold jewelry. If some jewelry is engraved with the English letters "GK", it means "gold plating". Or the printing signs is blurred and crooked. Consumers should identify whether there are printing, printing whether the printing is in compliance with the above provisions, and whether the printing is clear, etc. to determine the authenticity of gold jewelry.
The choice of gold jewelry
. The code of gold jewelry
It, on the regular gold jewelry, generally there should be two stamps of gold content or color marks and manufacturers. Choose gold jewelry, in addition to recognizing the gold content of the jewelry ("×× k" and color), you must also pay attention to the hard mark on the jewelry -the code of the manufacturer.
In in our country, in order to be responsible for consumers, it is conducive to the state to strengthen the management of the gold jewelry market, and it is conducive to the recovery of gold jewelry. The state stipulates that for various accessories on the gold jewelry market, various manufacturers must be required by various manufacturers. In the prescribed position on the inside of each jewelry, use steel seal to the national unified nickname.
The special point of being pointed out is that the manufacturers of gold jewelry nationwide, all designated manufacturers approved by the country and banks, their accessories are generally guaranteed, and buyers can rest assured. What is emphasized here is that we must go to the country designated or highly honest seller to buy. Because some of the jewelry traded on the field, although there are "24K" or "foot red" on it, most of them do not have the code of manufacturers, and it is difficult to guarantee.